Abstract
Objective: Nicotine, during pregnancy, harms not only the mother but also fetal tissues directly and indirectly. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible effects of folic acid given against nicotine used during pregnancy on bone development of fetuses.
 Methods: 18 adult female rats were divided into control, low-dose nicotine (LDN), high-dose nicotine (HDN), low-dose nicotine + folic acid (LDN + FA), high-dose nicotine + folic acid (HDN + FA), and folic acid (FA) group equally. During 20 days, 1 ml/kg serum physiologic (SP) solution to the control group, 3 mg/kg nicotine to DDN, 6 mg/kg nicotine to YDN, 3 mg/kg nicotine and 400 µg/kg FA to DDN+FA, 6 mg/kg nicotine and 400 µg/kg FA to YDN+FA, 400 µg/kg FA to the FA group was administered. Bones of fetuses taken by cesarean section on the 20th day of pregnancy were stained with the bilateral skeleton staining technique. The stained anterior and posterior extremity bones were photographed under a stereomicroscope. Bone length, extent of ossification and percentage of ossification were measured. Statistical data were evaluated using the R programming language (v. 3.2.3).
 Results: The bone development of DDN and YDN groups was significantly lower and DDN+FA and YDN+FA groups was close to the control group (p
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