Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of root caries is increasing with greater life expectancy and number of retained teeth. Therefore, new preventive strategies should be developed to reduce the prevalence of root caries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fluoridated milk on the remineralization of root dentin and to compare these effects to those of sodium fluoride (NaF) application without milk.MethodsThirty extracted human molars were divided into 6 groups, and the root cementum was removed from each tooth. The dentin surface was demineralized and then incubated with one of the following six solutions: Sodium chloride NaCl, artificial saliva, milk, milk+2.5 ppm fluoride, milk+10 ppm fluoride and artificial saliva+10 ppm fluoride. Serial sections were cut through the lesions and investigated with polarized light microscopy and quantitative morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The data were statistically evaluated using a one-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons.ResultsThe depth of the lesion decreased with increasing fluoride concentration and was the smallest after incubation with artificial saliva+10 ppm fluoride. SEM analysis revealed a clearly demarcated superficial remineralized zone after incubation with milk+2.5 ppm fluoride, milk+10 ppm fluoride and artificial saliva+10 ppm fluoride. Ca content in this zone increased with increasing fluoride content and was highest after artificial saliva+10 ppm fluoride incubation. In the artificial saliva+10 ppm fluoride group, an additional crystalline layer was present on top of the lesion that contained elevated levels of F and Ca.ConclusionIncubation of root dentin with fluoridated milk showed a clear effect on root dentin remineralization, and incubation with NaF dissolved in artificial saliva demonstrated a stronger effect.
Highlights
The positive influence of fluoride application in enamel caries prevention is widely accepted
The root cementum within the cervical area of the buccal or vestibular surfaces was removed using a diamond burr under a stereomicroscope to ensure that the cementum was removed completely, and the roots were covered with dental wax so that a 464 mm window remained on the root surface
Polarized light microscopy A clearly marked demineralized zone was found in all experimental lesions
Summary
The positive influence of fluoride application in enamel caries prevention is widely accepted. A number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of topical fluoride application, such as dentifrices, fluoride gels, varnishes and mouth rinses, in the prevention of coronal caries [2,3]. Very few clinical studies exist on the effectiveness of fluoridated milk in caries prevention [5,6,7]. Studies on the preventive effect of fluoride have in common that they address coronal caries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fluoridated milk on the remineralization of root dentin and to compare these effects to those of sodium fluoride (NaF) application without milk
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