Effects of experimental infection by Caligus rogercresseyi (Copepoda: Caligidae) on the common jollytail, Galaxias maculatus (Osmeriforme: Galaxiidae) (Jenyns, 1842) in Chile

Abstract

Galaxias maculatus, the common jollytail, is a native smelt fish with a lacustrine or diadromous life cycle. In Chile, the rearing cycle of this fish includes a freshwater and a marine phase. Several diseases and parasites reported for the freshwater phase could be avoided by rearing the fish in salty or brackish water. Nonetheless, this alternative could result in Caligus rogercresseyi infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate experimentally the capacity of C. rogercresseyi to infect the common jollytail and the effects this parasite may cause to the fish. Prevalence and intensity of experimental C. rogercresseyi infections on G. maculatus were estimated and the effects of this parasitosis on the fish were evaluated on fish survival, weight loss, swimming behavior, and skin damage. Two experiments were carried out with adult fish taken from the Maullín Estuary. Fish were acclimatized to a salinity of 32ppt and divided into two groups of 20 fish each. The experimental group was infected with copepodid stages of C. rogercresseyi and the other was used as a control. The fish were kept in individual tanks until observing ovigerous female copepods. C. rogercresseyi recognizes G. maculatus as a host under experimental conditions and optimal salinity for the parasite. Results show that under experimental condition copepodid stage can successfully infect the fish, developing to the adult stage, mating, and producing eggs (females). C. rogercresseyi caused alterations in fish behavior, superficial body damage, weight loss, and mortality. Rearing the common jollytail in salty water should take into consideration measures to control these infections as they can damage fish and affect surrounding wild fish populations. There are no records of this parasite in natural common jollytail populations; however, our understanding of the ecological role played by the common jollytail in C. rogercresseyi transmissions among sympatric host species could be greatly improved through further research related to host preferences and epidemiological data for different sympatric host species.