Abstract
Abstract Background: Physical inactivity is recognized as a risk factor for numerous common illnesses, while exercise has been shown to be beneficial. Neutrophils are the first line of cell-mediated defense, with characterized by circadian rhythms. The liver is metabolically active organ that is strongly influenced by circadian regulation. The effects of exercise-induced circadian changes may modify the neutrophils phenotype and function. Methods: Male mice undergoing a four-week treadmill regimen for 1h at ZT3(3h after lights on). Bone marrow, blood and liver tissue were analyzed at different time points. Circadian genes and neutrophil subpopulations were assessed. Results: The circulating neutrophil numbers were fluctuated according to a circadian pattern with a peak at ZT3 and a nadir at ZT15. Rhythmicity analysis revealed that the circadian amplitude was increased, but the period and phase were unaltered. Mice subjected to exercise had fewer immature and higher mature neutrophils in bone marrow at ZT3. The expression of clock-related genes in liver, including Arntl and Clock, increased at ZT3, while others, like Per1 were decreased. The number of aged neutrophil follows diurnal patterns with a peak at ZT3, and exhibited a greater percentage and number of neutrophils with an aging phenotype in blood at Exercise group. Summary: Exercise modulates circadian-dependent neutrophils quiescence, promotes maturation of myeloid neutrophils and driven circulating neutrophil aging phenotype.
Published Version
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