Abstract
Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) can boost oil extraction in offshore operations, however one of the main concerns regarding its application is how the efficiency of flotation units for treating produced water is affected. The present work thus focuses on investigating the impact of EOR chemicals on the physical properties of EOR effluents and how this can affect flotation performance parameters such as bubble size and gas holdup. Design of experiments has been used to assess the influence of polymer, surfactant and sodium chloride concentrations on bubble size and gas holdup of a laboratorial bubble column. The influence of superficial gas velocity has also been assessed together with chemicals concentrations, yet at low levels in order to avoid clusters, swarms and foam. The characterization of the synthetic effluent containing polymer, surfactant and sodium chloride has indicated that the fluid behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid, what makes separation processes in flotation cells challenging. Results showed that polymer concentration of 2000 mg/L can lead to significant increases in fluid viscosity, promote a growth of more than 40% in bubble size and only increases gas holdup when surfactant is present at high concentration. Therefore, polymers are expected to be detrimental to produced water treatment. Surfactants decrease both fluid surface tension and bubble size, increasing gas holdup. For the range studied, superficial gas velocity favors gas holdup and sodium chloride concentration seems to weakly influence bubble size and gas holdup. This work highlights the fact that changes in physical properties of produced water do modify bubble size distribution and gas holdup and this must therefore be taken into account when flotation-like systems are designed to deal with EOR effluents.
Highlights
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) encompasses several methods for increasing the production of petroleum reservoirs [1]
Chemical enhanced oil recovery comprehends water injection with different additives to enhance the removal of oil from the reservoir
Synthetic produced water has been prepared by adding sodium chloride, polymer and surfactant at different concentrations
Summary
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) encompasses several methods for increasing the production of petroleum reservoirs [1]. According to Thomas [2], EOR methods consist of chemical, electrical, miscible, steam and thermal techniques. These methods have proven to boost oil recovery from mature reservoirs when conventional methods (water flooding) no longer work [3]. Chemical enhanced oil recovery comprehends water injection with different additives to enhance the removal of oil from the reservoir. Polymer flooding mechanism operates by decreasing the mobility of the water phase, reducing the incidence of fingering effects [5]. Polymers are responsible for increasing the viscosity of the water and, improving the efficiency of oil sweeping [6]
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