Abstract
The elevated CO2 (eCO2) has positive response on plant growth and negative response on insect pests. As a contemplation, the feeding pattern of the brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål on susceptible and resistant rice cultivars and their growth rates exposed to eCO2 conditions were analyzed. The eCO2 treatment showed significant differences in percentage of emergence and rice biomass that were consistent across the rice cultivars, when compared to the ambient conditions. Similarly, increase in carbon and decrese in nitrogen ratio of leaves and alterations in defensive peroxidase enzyme levels were observed, but was non-linear among the cultivars tested. Lower survivorship and nutritional indices of N. lugens were observed in conditions of eCO2 levels over ambient conditions. Results were nonlinear in manner. We conclude that the plant carbon accumulation increased due to eCO2, causing physiological changes that decreased nitrogen content. Similarly, eCO2 increased insect feeding, and did alter other variables such as their biology or reproduction.
Highlights
An increased amount of greenhouse gases due to human activities has been proposed to cause the global warming[1]
The elevated CO2 (eCO2) increased early emergence rates on susceptible and resistant rice cultivar viz., IR 20 and ADT 46, that was significantly different when compared plants grown under ambient C O2 conditions (χ2 = 9.7, d.f = 1, P = 0.003) consistently (Fig. 1A,B)
The results showed that eCO2 condition produced direct effects on the growth and development rates of N. lugens being decreased overall when feeding under e CO2 conditions
Summary
An increased amount of greenhouse gases due to human activities has been proposed to cause the global warming[1]. The surplus carbon is engaged in the production of secondary m etabolites[10] and plant tissues like cell walls and o rganelles[11] Besides these effects, reduction in transpiration rate and stomatal c onductance[12], suppression of dark respiration and photorespiration are observed with higher C O2 levels[13]. Lower foliar N content due to eCO2 has been shown to cause an increase in food intake by the insects up to 40%19 Both the plant nutrient content and secondary metabolites influence insect herbivore performance[20]. E levels of C O2 increase plant growth but may increase the injury caused by some pest insects through increased feeding[22]
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