Abstract
Abstract The effects of electric fields on the resonance frequency of three typical piezoelectric ceramic materials, PZT-4, PZT-8 and PZT-5H depend on the direction of the applied electric field (E) relative to the direction of polarization (P), and the composition of the material. In the parallel field case in which E is parallel to P, there is a very slight decrease in resonance frequency for PZT-4 and PZT-8, but a significant increase in resonance frequency for PZT-5H as E is increased. However, in the antiparallel field case in which the direction of E is opposite to that of P, the resonance frequencies of all these three materials decrease with increasing field, and for PZT-5H, the resonance frequency, after the initial decrease, turns to increase at fields higher than the critical field of about 3.5 kV/cm. No magnetic field effect has been observed in these materials for magnetic fields up to 20 kG. The effects of electric field are discussed.
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