Effects of early screening and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcome

Abstract

Objective To explore effect of early screening and intervention treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on pregnancy outcome. Methods From January to December 2013, a total of 115 cases of pregnant women with GDM in Tianmen First People's Hospital were enrolled into this study. Among them who were diagnosed as GDM in early trimester of pregnancy by routine GDM screening were included into observation group (n=81), the others who were diagnosed as GDM in mid and late trimester of pregnancy by GDM screening were included into observation group-1 (n=34). A total of 100 cases puerperants who delivered at the same period in the same hospital and with normal fasting blood sugar levels were included into control group. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the modes of delivery, incidence of pregnancy complications, and rates of perinatal infant complication among three groups. The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Investigation in Human Being of Tianmen First People's Hospital. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. There were no significant differences among three groups in age, parity, body height and body weight (P>0.05). Results ① The rate of diagnosis as GDM in early trimester of pregnancy (from 24 to 28 gestational weeks) by routine GDM screening was 70.4% (81/115). The rate of diagnosis as GDM in mid and late trimester of pregnancy by GDM screening was 29.6% (34/115). ②The rate of cesarean section in observation group was much lower than that in observation group-1, and there were significant differences (P 0.05). ④ The rate of perinatal infant complications, such as low birth weight infants, macrosomia infants, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia, hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal hypoglycemia in observation group were much lower than those in observation group-1, and there were significant differences (P 0.05). Conclusions Diagnosis as GDM in early trimester of pregnancy by routine GDM screening, and taking timely and effective treatment can reduce the incidences of pregnant complications, rate of perinatal infant complications, and improve pregnancy outcomes of GDM patients. Key words: Diabetes gestational; Prenatal screening; Drug therapy; Caloric restriction; Pregnancy complications; Pregnancy outcome