Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effects of disease states on drug disposition in man. The chapter describes certain characteristics of drug disposition in normal individuals. Without controlling such environmental conditions as diet or exposure to chemicals encountered at work or at home, studies on normal nonmedicated adult volunteers living in a basal state demonstrated that the very large interindividual variations in elimination rates of such drugs as antipyrine, bishydroxycoumarin, ethanol, halothane, nortriptyline, phenylbutazone, phenytoin and salicylates are under predominantly genetic control. Two studies disclosed that most of the interindividual variations, which ranged from 4- to 40-fold depending on the drug, disappeared within identical twinships but were retained to some extent within fraternal twinships. These results, as well as family studies on bishydroxycoumarin, phenylbutazone, and nortriptyline metabolism, suggested that large interindividual variations in the disposition of many commonly used drugs were maintained mainly by genetic, rather than environmental, factors.
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