Abstract
为揭示不同生育时期灌水处理对花生叶片光合生理特性的影响, 确定花生水分效率最大时期, 采用防雨棚池栽法, 对2个小粒型花生品种"花育20号"和"花育27号"分别设置全生育期灌水(CK)、全生育期干旱胁迫处理(T1)、苗期灌水(T2)、花针期灌水(T3)和结荚期灌水(T4)5个处理, 对比分析各处理花生叶片光合色素含量和叶绿素荧光动力学参数变化。结果表明, 土壤水分状况并未使叶绿素a含量明显变化, 但两品种叶绿素a含量升高或降低幅度受不同处理影响。叶片类胡萝卜素含量对土壤水分状况的响应因品种而异, 两品种全生育期干旱胁迫处理下到达峰值的时间不一致。两品种结荚期灌水处理均能增加叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量。"花育27号"整个生育期内<i>F</i>v/<i>F</i>m值高于"花育20号", 表明其具有较强的光能转换效率。两个花生品种在结荚期灌水处理均能提高<i>F</i>v/<i>F</i>m和<i>F</i>v/<i>F</i>o值, 提高其光能转换效率, 有效避免或减轻了光合机构受损的程度。花针期、结荚期灌水及对照处理能够保持较高的表观光合电子传递速率(<i>ETR</i>)和非光化学淬灭系数(<i>Q</i><sub>N</sub>)值, 保持较高的光合反应总量, 但苗期灌水处理对生育后期净光合速率没有促进作用。各生育期不同灌水处理中净光合速率(<i>P</i>n)和气孔导度(<i>G</i>s)下降的同时, 胞间CO<sub>2</sub>浓度(<i>C</i>i)亦下降, 表明气孔限制是土壤水分不足状况下花生光合速率下降的主要原因。总体而言, 花针期和结荚期灌水处理能提高花生叶片的光合能力, 表明花生开花以后进行灌水处理是经济有效的灌水方式。
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