Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effect of different extracts of Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino onapoptosis of A549 cells, and the underlying mechanism.Methods: The contents of colchicine in ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of Cremastra appendiculata(D. Don) Makino were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lung cancerA549 cells cultured in vitro were divided into blank control, standard colchicine and Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino extract groups. The effect of different extract concentrations on proliferation of the cells was determined using methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay, while apoptosis of A549 cells induced by the extracts was evaluated by flow cytometry (FC).Results: Compared with the standard colchicine group, there was no colchicine in the n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Cremastra appendiculata. Results from MTT assay showed that the extract inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry results showed that ethyl acetate extract significantly enhanced apoptosis in A549 cells (p < 0.05). However, n-butanol extract had no significant effect on the apoptosis of A549 cells (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract of Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino induces apoptosis in lung cancer A549 cells. Therefore, there is a need for further research and development of antitumor drugs from the extract of Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino.
 Keywords: Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino, Colchicine, A549 cells, Apoptosis
Highlights
The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer are the highest amongst all the malignant tumors, and its incidence is still on the rise globally, especially with respect to lung adenocarcinoma [1,2,3]
Ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract were obtained after evaporating the solvents under reduced pressure
The % apoptosis of cells was calculated according to the manufacturer's operating instructions as indicated in Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining kit
Summary
The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer are the highest amongst all the malignant tumors, and its incidence is still on the rise globally, especially with respect to lung adenocarcinoma [1,2,3]. The median survival time of patients treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is only 8 - 12 months, and the adverse effects of Cremastra appendiculata Don) Makino, a popularly used clinical drug in Chinese and Mongolian Tibetan medicine, is frequently used in anticancer therapy [6]. It was first published in Materia Medica [7]. Five new phenanthrene compounds were isolated from the alcohol extract of Azalea by Liu [8]. These compounds exerted cytotoxic effects on colon cancer HCT116, cervical cancer Hela, and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells
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