Effects of dietary fiber supplementation on glycemic control in dogs with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus

Abstract

SUMMARY The effect of a high insoluble-fiber (if) diet containing 15% cellulose in dry matter, high soluble-fiber (sf) diet containing 15% pectin in dry matter, and low-fiber (lf) diet on glycemic control in 6 dogs with alloxan-induced insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was evaluated. Each diet contained > 50% digestible carbohydrate in dry matter. A crossover study was used with each dog randomly assigned to a predetermined diet sequence. Each dog was fed each diet for 56 days. Caloric intake was adjusted weekly as needed to maintain each dog within 1.5 kg of its body weight measured prior to induction of diabetes mellitus. All dogs were given pork lente insulin and half of their daily caloric intake at 12-hour intervals. Mean (± sem) daily caloric intake was significantly (P < 0.05) less when dogs consumed the if diet vs the sf and lf diets (66 ± 3 kcal/kg, 81 ± 5 kcal/kg, and 79 ± 4 kcal/kg, respectively). Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher when dogs consumed the lf diet vs the if and sf diets (182 ± 37 IU/L, 131 ± 24 IU/L, and 143 ± 24 IU/L, respectively). Mean postprandial plasma glucose concentration measured every 2 hours for 24 hours, beginning at the time of the morning insulin injection, was significantly (P < 0.05) lower at most blood sampling times in dogs fed if and sf diets, compared with dogs fed the lf diet. As a result, 24-hour mean plasma concentration of glucose (if, 165 ± 17 mg/dl; sf, 169 ± 19 mg/dl; lf, 218 ± 29 mg/dl), 24-hour mean plasma-glucose fluctuation (if, 49 ± 2 mg/dl; sf, 47 ± 4 mg/dl; lf, 63 ± 7 mg/dl), and 24-hour urine-glucose excretion (if, 31 ± 10 g/d; sf, 42 ± 16 g/d; lf, 67 ± 13 g/d) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in dogs fed if and sf diets, compared with dogs fed the lf diet. These variables were not significantly different between dogs fed if and sf diets. Mean glycosylated hemoglobin concentration also was significantly (P < 0.05) lower when dogs consumed the if diet, compared with the lf diet (4.3 ± 0.4% vs 5.2 ± 0.4%, respectively). In dogs with alloxan-induced insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, consumption of diets containing 15% cellulose or 15% pectin and > 50% digestible carbohydrate on a dry-matter basis resulted in improvement in glycemic control, compared with consumption of a diet containing > 50% digestible complex carbohydrate without added fiber.