Effects of dietary calcium intake on body weight and prevalence of osteoporosis in early postmenopausal women

Abstract

Background:High calcium intakes seem to be ineffective at reducing bone loss in early postmenopausal women. However, the inverse relation between calcium intake and body weight can attenuate the negative effect of a low dietary calcium intake.Objective:The objective was to assess the role of dietary calcium and body mass index (BMI) on osteoporosis, defined according to World Health Organization criteria as a lumbar bone density >2.5 SD below the T score.Design:This was a cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study conducted in 1771 healthy, early postmenopausal women, who were not taking calcium supplements at the first densitometric evaluation. Weekly frequency of dairy food consumption was used to estimate the relative intake of dietary calcium. Total dairy intake was classified into 4 categories by quartile cutoffs. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to study this sample.Results:BMI and prevalence of overweight showed significant inverse trends with increasing dairy intake. Calcium intake was not associated with osteoporosis when overweight was not considered. However, when overweight was considered in the analysis, women with the lowest calcium intake were more likely to have osteoporosis (odds ratio: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.89; P = 0.008) than were women with the highest calcium intake.Conclusions:In early postmenopausal women, a low dietary calcium intake may increase the risk of osteoporosis, but its negative effect can be offset by the greater BMI found in women with a low calcium intake.