Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, is widely known to negatively affect bone healing, especially by interfering with dental implant osseointegration. This review aimed to explore the mechanisms of metabolic bone changes around dental implants in patients with diabetes and the available therapies to improve osseointegration. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase electronic databases to identify relevant studies. A substantial body of evidence has demonstrated the negative impact of diabetes mellitus on bone health and osseointegration. This can be attributed to several factors, including the over-expression of reactive oxygen species, accumulation of advanced glycation end products, impaired angiogenesis, and altered expression of proteoglycans and bone-related biomarkers. Various therapeutic approaches have been proposed to enhance osseointegration of dental implants in patients with diabetes. These include insulin therapy, hypoglycemic agents, hyperbaric oxygen treatment, parathyroid hormone therapy, implant surface modification, natural substances, mesenchymal stem cell management, gene expression, and growth factor modulation. Despite the potential of numerous therapies, either for glycemic control or osseointegration improvement, additional preclinical and clinical investigations are necessary to validate their effectiveness and safety.
Published Version
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