Abstract
Curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, and cardiovascular protective effects. Our study is aimed at evaluating the effects of pretreatment with curcumin nanoparticles (CCNP) compared to conventional curcumin (CC) on isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Fifty-six Wistar-Bratislava white rats were randomly divided into eight groups of seven rats each. Curcumin and curcumin nanoparticles were given by gavage in three different doses (100 mg/kg body weight (bw), 150 mg/kg bw, and 200 mg/kg bw) for 15 days. The MI was induced on day 13 using 100 mg/kg bw ISO administered twice, with the second dose 24 h after the initial dose. The blood samples were taken 24 h after the last dose of ISO. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects were evaluated in all groups. All doses of CC and CCNP offered a cardioprotective effect by preventing creatine kinase-MB leakage from cardiomyocytes, with the best result for CCNP. All the oxidative stress parameters were significantly improved after CCNP compared to CC pretreatment. CCNP was more efficient than CC in limiting the increase in inflammatory cytokine levels (such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, MCP-1, and RANTES) after MI. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels decreased more after pretreatment with CCNP than with CC. CCNP better prevented myocardial necrosis and reduced interstitial edema and neutrophil infiltration than CC, on histopathological examination. Therefore, improving the bioactivity of curcumin by nanotechnology may help limit cardiac injury after myocardial infarction.
Highlights
Over the last decade, cardiovascular diseases have become the most important cause of death worldwide and in many high-income countries during the past century; low- and middle-income countries are seeing an alarming and accelerating increase in cardiovascular disease rates [1]
Our study investigated the effects of pretreatment with curcumin nanoparticles compared to conventional curcumin on the changes in oxidative parameters, inflammatory cytokine, and matrix metalloproteinase levels during ISOinduced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats
Our results demonstrate that pretreatment with curcumin and curcumin nanoparticles has antioxidative effects in ISO-induced MI; CC and CCNP prevented the elevation in MDA, TOS, and NOx
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases have become the most important cause of death worldwide and in many high-income countries during the past century; low- and middle-income countries are seeing an alarming and accelerating increase in cardiovascular disease rates [1]. Efforts to improve the acute management of myocardial infarction (MI) led to the application of lifesaving interventions such as drug therapies, percutaneous coronary interventions, and strategies to both primary and secondary preventions by reducing deaths caused by cardiovascular. The acute myocardial infarction is associated with an inflammatory response, an alteration of the extracellular matrix due to the release of free radicals and proteolytic enzymes, which progresses towards remodeled myocardium [2]. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in myocardial ischemia may reduce the extent of ischemic lesions [4]. Our study investigated the effects of pretreatment with curcumin nanoparticles compared to conventional curcumin on the changes in oxidative parameters, inflammatory cytokine, and matrix metalloproteinase levels during ISOinduced MI in rats
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