Abstract
Non-linearity is considered to be an essential property of complex systems. The associated high sensitivity of the result on the constraints leads to fundamental problems of a system description based on variables selected in the reductionist tradition. The attempt to compensate the problems by averaging data leads to the neglect of the individual and the moment. However, both is of enormous importance for effective therapy, training, and learning. The theory of differential learning suggests an alternative approach to dealing with these problems. With constantly changing complex whole-body movements, extensive decisions are demanded from the learner, which lead to brain states through an overstraining of the working memory, as it were, as they are also known after mindfulness meditation.
Highlights
There is no doubt about that human movements can be considered as one of the most complex systems in science
Human movements can be understood as complex systems, they seem to be predictable to a certain degree
Because the information about the comparison of two subsequent movements was assumed to have an influence on the learning progress that is dependent on the individual as well as on the situation, the differencial learning approach was embedded in a theory of simulated annealing (SA) and stochastic resonance (SR) [15, 16]
Summary
There is no doubt about that human movements can be considered as one of the most complex systems in science. Not all models on movements or learning approaches in movement science are complex.
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