Abstract
Simple SummaryThe total fecal collection method is the gold standard to estimate the energy values and nutrient digestibility of the swine diet. However, there is no standard collection duration for animals that should be sampled in swine research using the total fecal collection method. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different collection durations (3-day, 5-day, or 7-day) on energy values and nutrient digestibility of high-fiber diets in growing pigs by time-based total fecal collection method. The results showed that the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and most nutrients in diets decreased linearly as the collection duration increased from a 3-day to a 7-day collection. However, there were no differences in the ATTD of GE and nutrient between the 5-day and 7-day collection durations. In addition, the energy values and the ATTD of GE and nutrient of high-fiber ingredients (sugar beet pulp (SBP) or defatted rice bran (DFRB)) were also not affected by the collection durations. Therefore, the results of this research suggest that a 5-day collection duration is adequate to determine the energy values and the ATTD of nutrient in diets containing high-fiber ingredients for growing pigs by time-based total fecal collection method.This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of collection durations on the energy values and nutrient digestibility of high-fiber diets in growing pigs with a time-based total fecal collection method. A total of 24 barrows (body weight (BW): 31.1 ± 1.5 kg) were allotted to a completely randomized design with three diets. Diets included a corn–soybean meal (CSM) basal diet and two additional diets containing 20% sugar beet pulp (SBP) or defatted rice bran (DFRB) by replacing corn, soybean meal, and soybean oil in the CSM diet, respectively. Each diet was fed to eight barrows for a 7-day adaptation period followed by a 7-day total feces and urine collection period. The 7-day collection duration was divided into three collection phases, namely, phase 1 (days 8 to 11), phase 2 (days 11 to 13), and phase 3 (days 13 to 15). Then, similar portions of feces and urine from the different collection phases were composited into three additional samples (days 8 to 11, days 8 to 13, and days 8 to 15, respectively). The results showed that the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrient in experimental diets decreased linearly as the collection durations increased from a 3-day to a 7-day collection (p < 0.05). However, there were no differences in the energy values, GE, and nutrient digestibility of diets and of high-fiber ingredients between the 5-day and 7-day collection durations. In conclusion, this study suggests that a 5-day collection duration is adequate to determine the energy values and nutrient digestibility of high-fiber diets containing SBP or DFRB in growing pigs by the time-based total fecal collection method.
Highlights
The increasing usage of high-fiber ingredients in swine diets is thought to reduce the feed cost in swine production [1], improve body metabolism and intestinal health [2,3,4], contribute to the welfare of animals [5], and reduce the ammonia emissions from manure [6]
The results showed that a high-fiber ingredient (SBP and defatted rice bran (DFRB)) formulated in diets could decrease the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and most nutrients, and these results were consistent with previous studies [7,8,9,44,45]
The results showed that there were no differences in DE, ME, and ATTD of GE, DM, CP, and CHO in sugar beet pulp (SBP) and DFRB among different collection durations with the time-based total fecal collection method, respectively
Summary
The increasing usage of high-fiber ingredients in swine diets is thought to reduce the feed cost in swine production [1], improve body metabolism and intestinal health [2,3,4], contribute to the welfare of animals [5], and reduce the ammonia emissions from manure [6]. In contrast to these beneficial effects, high-fiber ingredients formulated in diets may have a negative impact on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrient [7,8,9]. There is no standard collection duration that should be sampled in swine research, and in recent studies, 3-day to 10-day collection durations have been used in swine nutrition and energy balance trials with the total fecal collection method [23,24,25,26]
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