Abstract
AbstractIt is generally recognized that agricultural soils accumulate toxic metals after long-term wastewater irrigation. The removal of trace metals (TMs) from the soil is not possible. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the addition of manure on the extractability and bioavailability of TM from the contaminated soil after wastewater irrigation. Soils samples were treated with co-composted cow manure (CM) and poultry litter (PL) at 10 and 20 t ha−1. The study showed that addition of manure enhanced fenugreek biomass and reduced TM uptake depending on the combination of composted manures used. TM concentrations in the fenugreek shoots varied in the order of Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu > Cd. A higher amount of manure mixture especially composted with the privet and cypress residues decreased the extractability of TM from the contaminated soil. Soils amended with PL reduced TM concentrations more than CM; this is also true for the plant uptake. The variation of TM in plants was positively associated with their concentrations in the soil and adversely related to the plant biomass. This study confirmed that the combined use of composted manure with plant residues can be an effective addition for ameliorating the TM pollution in soils and crops.
Highlights
The benefits of treated wastewater reuse for integrated water resources management and its role for water cycle management and solving water scarcity issues have been emphasized (Kalavrouziotis et al )
Results showed that the application of composted material to soil reduced the extractability of trace metals (TMs) depending upon the type and ratio of composted manure applied
The study showed that the addition of manure enhanced fenugreek biomass and reduced TM uptake depending on the treatment of the manure
Summary
The benefits of treated wastewater reuse for integrated water resources management and its role for water cycle management and solving water scarcity issues have been emphasized (Kalavrouziotis et al ). Wastewater irrigation, the disposal of solid waste, the application of sludge, vehicle emissions and industrial activities have been reported among major contributors of trace. Abdel-Shafy & Mansour ( ) reported the successful remediation of contaminated soils using phytoremediation technology. The remediation of the soil contaminated with TMs has been reported a complicated phenomenon (Liu et al ).
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