Effects of Chloroquine and Naphthoquinone on Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time of Swiss Mice

Abstract

Concerns on the coagulation variables, Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) which are part of coagulation parameters used in assessing haemostatsis in haematology, led to the study of the effects of naphthoquinone and chloroquine on the PT and APTT of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, and treated with graded concentrations of chloroquine and naphthoquinone. Using brain thromboplastin with calcium and rabbit brain cephalosporin ad kaolin respectively the experiment aimed at demonstrating the effect of chloroquine with purity of 99.79% and naphthoquinone with purity of 97.00%, upon a three-day intraperitoneal administration at concentrations of 0.1 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg. Result showed that the APTT and PT of naphthoquinone at 2.0 mg/kg, were 196.67 seconds, and 67.63 seconds respectively, while the APTT and PT of chloroquine were 3.63 seconds and 1.40 seconds respectively for the same concentration. Also, naphthoquinone showed lower APTT but sustained PT at concentrations below 1.50 mg/kg whereas both APTT and PT increased from concentrations above 1.50 mg/kg. On the other hand chloroquine showed a lowered APTT between 0.00 to 0.15 mg/kg while PT was sustained, but both APTT and PT increased from concentration of 0.15 mg/kg gradually. This study conclusively showed that chloroquine has a shorter APTT and PT than naphthoquinones, even though they elicited similar actions. Apart from this, naphthoquinone and chloroquine belonging to the same family, naphthoquinone could be more toxic than chloroquine at the dosages equivalent to 1.50 mg/kg, therefore, any administration of naphthoquinone above this dosage should be closely monitored to avoid any form of danger to the patient.