Abstract
Mucins are a family of large glycoproteins that represent the major structural components of the mucus and are encoded by 20 different mucin genes. Mucin expression can be modulated by different stimuli. In this study, we analyzed four mucins (MUC2, MUC3, MUC13, and MUC17) in coculture of Caco‐2/HT29‐MTX cells to demonstrate the variation in gene expression in the presence of antioxidant compounds like chlorogenic acid, epicatechin gallate, and quercetin (apple, tea, and coffee polyphenols, respectively). coculture of Caco‐2/HT29‐MTX cells was treated with polyphenols, and the expression of four mucins was determined by reverse‐transcriptase PCR. In addition, the secretion levels of MUC2 were established by enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) analysis. The results showed that each polyphenol compound induces different expression patterns of the mucin genes. Statistically significant up‐regulation of MUC17 was observed following incubation with epicatechin gallate and quercetin. ELISA results did not prove any significant differences in protein levels of MUC2 after treatment by the polyphenol compounds. The polyphenols considered in this study may influence mucin secretion and act on diverse salivary substrates to change the barrier properties of mucins for mucus secretion in different ways.
Highlights
The human gastrointestinal tract is covered with a mucus layer that acts as a physicochemical barrier to protect the underlying epithelium from pathogens and foreign antigens (Hews et al, 2017)
We investigated how the gene expression of four mucins is affected by the presence of the three representative dietary plant polyphenols, in order to examine the effect of antioxidant compounds on mucin alteration in a coculture of intestine cancer cells: Caco-2 and HT29-MTX
Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to determine the effects of chlorogenic acid, epicatechin gallate, and quercetin on the transcription levels of MUC2, MUC3, MUC13, and MUC17 in the Caco-2/HT29- MTX coculture
Summary
The human gastrointestinal tract is covered with a mucus layer that acts as a physicochemical barrier to protect the underlying epithelium from pathogens and foreign antigens (Hews et al, 2017). Polyphenols are the main class of plant secondary metabolites that show efficacy in the prevention of certain diseases, such as cancer, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (Rothwell et al, 2013) They are characterized by the presence of several phenol rings, which are associated with generally complex structures of high molecular weight with one or more attached hydroxyl groups (Biasi et al, 2013). We investigated how the gene expression of four mucins is affected by the presence of the three representative dietary plant polyphenols, in order to examine the effect of antioxidant compounds on mucin alteration in a coculture of intestine cancer cells: Caco-2 and HT29-MTX. MUC2 is a major secreted mucin (Han, Deglaire, Sengupta, & Moughan, 2008), MUC3 is the most studied mucin of the adhering membrane class (Tarang et al, 2012), and MUC13 and MUC17 have only been recently discovered (Pelaseyed et al, 2014)
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