Abstract
The biodiversity of the Amazon rainforest acompanny intense rates environmental degradation. To expand the information on wood and charcoal coming from the Amazon could help in the inspection, contributing to the conservation of the local biodiversity. This research aimed to anatomical characterize the wood and charcoal made out of Alexa grandiflora Ducke, besides to evaluate the anatomical changes in the wood resulting from the process of carbonization. We analyze three individuals of A. grandiflora, as from of body proofs of 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm x 3.0 cm histological slides and charcoal were obtained. For the production of charcoal, the body proofs were submitted to a carbonization process with a heating rate of 1.66°C min–1, keeping it at 450 °C. Photomicrographs were taken in the cross section, longitudinal tangential and longitudinal radial sections of the wood and charcoal, from those pictures we have made the anatomical description of both products. To evaluate the effect of the carbonization on the anatomical characteristics of the wood, the data was analyzed by using “generalized linear models – GLM – for repeated measurements”. There has not been seen any alterations in the qualitative characteristics of the wood after the carbonization process. We noticed that the main characteristics for specie’s identification were maintained in the charcoal, with significant increase in vessel frequency per.mm-2 (+88.61%), decrease of the vessel diameter (-30.6%), and of the height (-30.6%) and width (-20%) of the rays. The number of rays por.mm-1 did not show any significant statistical difference.
Highlights
The Amazon rainforest detains the greatest extension of tropical forest in the world and it is the home of an immensity diversity of plants, this great biodiversity comes together with profound rates of environmental degradation, increases in the consumption of natural resources, humanitarian crises and difficulties in promoting environmental, social and more sustainable activities, this supports that the challenges for environmental conservation are systemic (ICMBIO, 2017)
In this work we have used three individuals of Alexa grandiflora Ducke, which were registered in the wood collection of the “Instituto Agronômico do Norte – IAN” that belongs to the “Embrapa Amazônia Oriental”
There has not been seen qualitative differences in the wood anatomy, as well as alterations in the pattern, disposition of cell type, as an effect of the carbonization process, that being said, the wood anatomical description applies to the charcoal (Figure 1 A-F)
Summary
The Amazon rainforest detains the greatest extension of tropical forest in the world and it is the home of an immensity diversity of plants, this great biodiversity comes together with profound rates of environmental degradation, increases in the consumption of natural resources, humanitarian crises and difficulties in promoting environmental, social and more sustainable activities, this supports that the challenges for environmental conservation are systemic (ICMBIO, 2017). The population displacement to the Amazon, in many times attracted by big economic projects, has been systematically motivating economic and social pressures in the region This has influence in the usage of natural resources, in this way cooperating with the illegal market of charcoal in the Amazon rainforest, which contributes to the forest degradation in the region (Sonter et al, 2017). This Amazon vulnerability points out to the necessity to provide information about the particularities of this biome, because from the knowledge of these particularities it becomes possible to act and to achieve the sustainable development of the region. The species is known as one of the main woody species commercialized in the Amazon region (Corandin et al, 2010; PARÁ, 2016), the information on the effect of the carbonization in the anatomical structure of the specie is unknown
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