Effects of body weight and feed allocation during sexual maturation in broiler breeder hens. 2. Ovarian morphology and plasma hormone profiles

Abstract

The effects of broiler breeder BW and nutrient intake on ovary morphology and plasma reproductive hormone profiles were examined at photostimulation (PS) (21 wk) and at sexual maturity (SM) in standard (STD) and low (LOW), or high (HIGH) BW birds provided either restricted (RF) or ad libitum (AL) access to feed between PS and SM. At PS, 30 Shaver Starbro pullets at target BW were assigned to the STD treatment, and birds either 20% heavier (HIGH) or lighter (LOW) assigned accordingly. Ten birds of each size group were processed immediately for carcass analysis and 10 birds assigned to each size by feed interaction group. Blood samples were taken at 3-d intervals beginning at PS and profiles constructed for estradiol-17beta, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to examine the relationship between body size, feeding level, and reproduction. Birds were processed for assessment of reproductive traits following SM. The AL birds reached SM with 11.0 large yellow follicles (LYF) (> 10 mm diameter) compared to 7.1 in RF birds. Small follicle atresia (< 5 mm diameter) was low in AL birds (10.3) compared to RF birds (32.3). The extent of small follicle atresia in RF birds was found to be inversely proportional to LYF number by stepwise regression. Increased small follicle atresia was associated with a longer sexual maturation period in RF birds (r = 0.619; P = 0.0003). Plasma estradiol-17beta concentration was greater in HIGH than in STD or LOW birds at PS, suggesting more advanced ovary development in HIGH birds. Estradiol-17beta profiles were similar in shape in all treatments, with the primary difference being the length of time prior to a substantial estradiol-17beta increase. Following PS, plasma LH and FSH concentrations of AL birds increased to levels nearly double that of RF birds, indicating a role for nutrient intake with rate of reproductive development. Plasma LH and FSH concentrations remained elevated for a greater time period in RF birds, however, possibly relating to the development of processes limiting LYF recruitment. This experiment demonstrated a modulation of reproductive hormone concentrations during sexual maturation by feeding level in conjunction with a sensitivity of the ovary to nutritional effects.