Abstract
ABSTRACTIn order to evaluate the effects of nano Zn-Fe oxide and bio fertilizer on physiological traits, antioxidant activity and yield of wheat under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications.Treatments were included salinity in three levels (no-salt, salinity 25 and 50 mM NaCl), four bio fertilizers levels (no bio fertilizer, seed inoculation by Azotobacter, Azosperilium, Pseudomonas) and nano oxide (without nano, application of nano Zn oxide, nano Fe oxide and nano Fe-Zn oxide 1.5 g/lit). Salinty stress decreased the chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, photochemical efficiency of PSII and yield of wheat, whearas electrical conductivity, soluble sugars, proline content, and the activities of Catalase (CAT), Peroxidase (POD) and Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) enzymes increased. Similar results were observed in CAT, POD and PPO activities due to inoculation by bio fertilizers and nano oxide. Maximum of soluble sugars and proline content were observed in the highest salinity level and application of Pseudomonas. Application of nano Zn-Fe oxide increased about 17.40% from grain yield in comparision with no application of nano oxide in the highest salinity level. Generally, it was conducted that bio fertilizer and nano oxide can be used as a proper tool for increasing wheat yield under salinity condition.
Highlights
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting yield and quality of agricultural plants worldwide
Soluble sugars and POD was affected by the interaction of nano oxide and bio fertilizer
Chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm were affected by the interaction of nano oxide, bio fertilizer and salinity (Table 2)
Summary
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting yield and quality of agricultural plants worldwide. Salt stress limits plant growth by adversely affecting numerous physiological and biochemical processes, including photosynthesis, antioxidant capacity and ion homeostasis (Ashraf & Harris 2004). Relative water content (RWC), antioxidant enzymes activity, chlorophyll, proline content and stomata conductance have been used as indicators of plant stress (Ashraf & Parveen 2002; Maccaferri et al 2011). Rodriguez et al (2005) reported that chlorophyll content, leaf area and stomatal conductance declined under salinity stress. ROS have reduced forms of atmospheric oxygen, which are produced in vital processes such as photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration and can damage the cell membranes and other essential macromolecules such as photosynthetic pigments, proteins, DNA and lipids (Sairam et al 2005)
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