Abstract
In order to study the effects of bio fertilizers and zinc fertilizer on antioxidant enzymes activity, chlorophyll content, soluble sugars and proline in triticale under salinity condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications under greenhouse condition. Experiment factors were included salinity in four levels [no-salt (control or S0), salinity 20 (S1), 40 (S2) and 60 (S3) mM NaCl) equivalent of 1.85, 3.7 and 5.55 dS m−1 respectively], four bio fertilizers levels (no bio fertilizer (F0), application of mycorrhiza (F1), PGPR (F2), both application PGPR and mycorrhiza (F3) and three nano zinc oxide levels (without nano zinc oxide as control (Zn0), application of 0.4 (Zn1) and 0.8 (Zn2) g lit-1). Results showed that salinity severe stress (60 mM) decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and grain yield of triticale, whereas soluble sugars and proline content, the activities of Catalase (CAT), Peroxidase (POD) Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) enzymes increased. Results showed that both application of bio fertilizer and 0.8 g lit-1 nano zinc oxide (F3Zn2) increased about 39% from grain yield in comparison with F0Zn0 under the highest salinity level. Based on the results, it was concluded that bio fertilizers and nano zinc oxide application can be recommended for profitable triticale production under salinity condition.
Highlights
Triticale is a human-made crop, being a hybrid by crossfertilization of wheat (Triticum spp.) and rye (Secale spp.)
Several strategies have been developed in order to decrease the toxic effects caused by high salinity on plant growth, among them use of bio fertilizers such as mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) plays important role in yield improvement of plants (Dimkpa et al, 2009)
Polyphenol oxidase assay Enzyme activity was measured by Karo and Mishra (1976) method: 100 μl protein extract was solved in 1.5 ml Tris 0.2 M and 0.3 ml Pirogalol 0.02 M and the resulting composition was placed in the bain marie bath at 25 °C for five minutes and the absorbance at 420 nm was recorded
Summary
Triticale is a human-made crop, being a hybrid by crossfertilization of wheat (Triticum spp.) and rye (Secale spp.). Could compensate the salt effects and improve plant development through enhanced production of proline, chlorophyll pigment and soluble sugars and increase dry biomass (Hmaeid et al, 2014). Using biologic fertilizers such PGPR can increase quantity and quality of crop yield, efficiency of chemical fertilizers and tolerance of salt and drought stresses as one of the suitable ways to adapt to environment (Arzanesh et al, 2009). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bio fertilizers and zinc on some the physiological responses (i.e., antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll, protein, soluble sugars and proline) of triticale under salinity stress conditions
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