Abstract
The destructive and impactful forces of debris flow commonly causes local damage to engineering structures. The effect of a deformable barrier on the impact dynamics is important in engineering design. In this study, a flow–structure coupled with Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model was presented to investigate the effects of barrier stiffness on the debris impact. A comparison of the results of physical tests and simulation results revealed that the proposed smoothed particle hydrodynamics model effectively reproduces the flow kinematics and time history of the impact force. Even slight deflections of the deformable barrier lead to obvious attenuation of the peak impact pressure. Additionally, deformable barriers with lower stiffness tend to deform more downstream upon loading, shifting the deposited sand toward the active failure mode and generating less static earth pressure. When the debris flow has a higher frontal velocity, the impact force on the barrier is dominated by the dynamic component and there is an appreciable effect of the stiffness of the deformable barrier on load attenuation.
Highlights
Flow-like landslides are differentiated from landslides by the pervasive, fluid-like deformation of the mobilized material [1], which can travel long distances at high speed (>5 m/s) [2]
When the debris flow has a higher frontal velocity, the impact force on the barrier is dominated by the dynamic component
The investigation of the dynamic impact behavior of flow–structure interactions is important to the design of hazard mitigation structures
Summary
Flow-like landslides are differentiated from landslides by the pervasive, fluid-like deformation of the mobilized material [1], which can travel long distances at high speed (>5 m/s) [2]. Passive measures are engineering structures which are made of concrete, such as barriers, deflecting/catching dams, nets, and baffle piles [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23], have been widely implemented These protective countermeasures are commonly destroyed by geo-flows, causing even greater disaster, because large dynamic impact forces are the main damaging factor as shown by the statistical analysis of failure types for debris flows [24]. The simulation of the impact dynamics of debris flows usually involves modeling the large deformation of materials. The SPH method is adopted in the present work to investigate the effects of the structural stiffness of a deformable barrier on characteristics of the granular flow impact. The SPH model is used to further explore the effect of the barrier stiffness on static pressure and the e3fofef 1c3ts of the debris flow frontal velocity on the impact force and response of the deformable barrier. Where μ is the shear modulus of the modeled material, ε is the strain rate tensor, and ω is the rotation rate tensor
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