Effects of Atorvastatin on Periodontitis of Rats Subjected to Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis.

Abstract

Atorvastatin (ATV) has shown pleiotropic effects on bone tissue, and osteoporosis can aggravate periodontitis. Thus, the effects of ATV on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats subjected to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) was assessed. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: 1) naive; 2) EP; 3) GIOP + EP; and 4) ATV. Groups GIOP + EP and ATV received 7 mg/kg dexamethasone intramuscularly once per week for 5 weeks, and the others received saline (SAL). Groups EP, GIOP + EP, and ATV were submitted to EP by ligature around the maxillary left second molars for 11 days. Group ATV received 27 mg/kg ATV orally, and the others received SAL 30 minutes before EP. Periodontium was analyzed by macroscopy, microtomography, and histopathology; by immunohistochemical examination of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), wingless (WNT) 10b, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1), and β-catenin; and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL10, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Leukogram, liver and kidney enzymes, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) serum levels were evaluated. ATV decreased bone loss, reduced MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, and increased IL-10, GSH, SOD, and CAT levels. ATV reduced RANKL and DKK-1 and increased OPG, WNT10b, and β-catenin expressions and BALP activity. ATV reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone loss in rats with EP and GIOP, with participation of the WNT signaling pathway.