Abstract
Periodontitis is associated with reduced antioxidant capacity and increased oxidative damage. Oxidative stress induces inflammation and bone loss contributing to the pathological progression of periodontal disease. Calendula officinalis (CLO) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CLO on oxidative stress and bone loss in rats subjected to experimental periodontitis (EP). For this, 72 male Wistar rats were divided into groups: Naïve, Saline (SAL) and CLO. Rats received SAL or CLO (90 mg/kg) 30 min before ligature and daily until the 11th day. Naïve group experienced no manipulation. After 11 days, the animals were euthanized and left maxillae collected for macroscopic analysis of alveolar bone loss (ABL). Periodontium was analyzed by macroscopy, scanning electron microscopy; confocal and light polarized microscopy. Immunohistochemical examination of DKK1, WNT 10b and β-catenin was performed. The gingival tissue was collected to reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) analyses. The 11 days of ligature induced bone loss, breakdown of collagen fibers, increased the immunostaining DKK-1 while reduced WNT 10b and β-catenin expressions. Periodontitis reduced GSH, SOD, CAT and increase MDA. All findings were reversed by 90 mg/kg of CLO. In summary our findings demonstrated that CLO reduced oxidative stress and bone loss and preserved collagen fibers in rats with EP, with participation of WNT signaling pathway.
Highlights
Periodontitis is a high prevalent infect-inflammatory disease (Petersen and Ogawa, 2005)
Morphometric study demonstrated that the experimental periodontitis caused intense bone resorption (Figure 1D) compared to the normal hemi-maxillae from Naïve group (Figure 1A)
In order to study periodontitis, it has been well described on literature the use of animal models, among them the one of ligature-induced model in rats
Summary
Periodontitis is a high prevalent infect-inflammatory disease (Petersen and Ogawa, 2005). It is considered the second more important cause of tooth loss on the population (Kayal, 2013). The inflammatory process is marked by neutrophils that invade periodontium and induces the release of proteolytic enzymes and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (D’Aiuto et al, 2010). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase are important AOs that enzymatically eliminate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), oxygen superoxide (O2) or the hydroxyl radical (OH), highly reactive oxygen radicals, which are responsible for most oxidative stress in cells (Galli et al, 2011)
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