Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of ultrasonic treatments in quality of araçá-boi fruits ( Eugenia stipitata McVaugh) during storage. Araçá-boi fruits were processed at a constant ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz at 5 and 15 min. In the sequence, they were divided in three groups: control (CG), 5 min (G5M) and 15 min (G15M) of ultrasonic treatment and stored at room temperature for six days. The quality of the untreated and treated fruits was evaluated at 0, 3 and 6 days of storage and the following quality parameters were analyzed: weight loss, vitamin C, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solid content, total and reducing sugars. The maximum shelf life of fruits was between 3 and 6 days after harvest, for the three groups. The exposure time to the ultrasonic treatment influenced the quality of the fruits. The fruits of the group G5M presented less degradation, for some parameters (weight loss, pH, titratable acidity and concentration of sugars). In contrast, the fruit of the group G15M showed accelerated degradation. The effect of the cavitation phenomenon provoked by ultrasound treatment cause the irreversible destruction and inactivation of enzymes. Thus, it is assumed that 5 min of the treatment may have been more effective in reducing the action of some enzymes, and with15 min, the cavitation phenomenon may have been excessive for cell tissue and caused degradation and anticipated senescence. The results of this study suggest that ultrasonic treatment can be effective in preserving the quality of fruits, but, the treatment time needs to be better investigated.
Highlights
The fruit ripening is a complex process, genetically programmed that involving changes in color, texture and flavor (ADAMS-PHILLIPS et al, 2004)
The search for technologies to inhibit or delay these reactions in the intact fruit and prolong its shelf life is persistent among researchers (CHITARRA; CHITARRA, 2005)
On the sixth day, the fruits were in progress degenerative and it was not possible to perform the analysis of the quality parameters
Summary
The fruit ripening is a complex process, genetically programmed that involving changes in color, texture and flavor (ADAMS-PHILLIPS et al, 2004). These biochemical reactions can occur in two ways: rapidly in climacteric fruits or slower in non-climacteric fruits. Some examples of conservation techniques currently employed are application of ethylene inhibitors (CANUTO et al, 2010), storage under refrigeration (TERUEL, 2008; GALANI et al, 2017), coating application (JIANG; JIANG, 2005; ATIENO et al, 2019) and packaging in modified atmosphere (MANGARAJ; GOSWAMI; MAHAJAN, 2009; RODRIGUES et al, 2016) These techniques have some disadvantages, such as, not always are possible to be applied due the difficulty of accessing chemical products (ethylene inhibitors, inert gases, coatings) and present high cost (storage under refrigeration)
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