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Abstract
By using a semi-efficient sulphur vulcanisation system, the effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, crosslink density and tensile properties of carbon black (CB)-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds were investigated. The ALK was prepared from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin and diethanolamine and added into the CB-filled SBR compounds. The ALK loadings were 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that ALK decreased the scorch and cure times of the CB-filled SBR compounds. ALK also improved the tensile modulus and tensile strength; especially up to a 5.0 phr of loading. The crosslink density measurement proved that the 5.0 phr of ALK exhibited the highest degree of crosslink density which caused the highest in tensile modulus and tensile strength. Due to its plasticity effect, ALK increased the elongation at break of the CB-filled SBR vulcanisates.
Highlights
The rubber formulations are supposed as the heart of rubber compounding, which contains various rubbers and rubber additives and their suitable amounts [1]
Coran [34] has studied on the concentration effect of stearic acid on natural rubber (NR)
He found that the stearic acid causes retardation in cure where, the specific rate of sulphur reaction decreased if the concentration of stearic acid was enhanced
Summary
The rubber formulations are supposed as the heart of rubber compounding, which contains various rubbers and rubber additives and their suitable amounts [1]. The base rubber will provide rubbery behavior to the compound; rubber additives such as fillers reinforce the rubbers or can cheapen the cost of rubber products; plasticisers are used to decrease viscosity, improve deformability and change properties; and accelerators are something that enhance the sulphur reaction [1]. Ismail and Ruhaizat [9,10] have introduced Palm Oil Fatty Acid (POFA) as a curative additive in rubber compounds. The additive based on the fatty acids of palm oil. They reported that the concentration of POFA affects both the curing characteristics and mechanical properties of the unfilled and calcium carbonate filled NR compounds. The effects of ALK addition on cure characteristics, crosslink density and tensile properties of SBR compounds were reported
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