Abstract
Aim: To evaluate histometrically the effect of low and high caloric value of ethanol on ligatureinduced bone loss in female rats. Methods: Sixty female rats were divided into five groups of 12 animals each: Normal Control (water), Test A (low ethanol), Control A (low iso), Test B (high ethanol) and Control B (high iso). Control Groups A and B received diets with the same amount of calories consumed by Test Groups A and B, respectively, with ethanol replaced by isocaloric amounts of carbohydrate. Four weeks prior to the end of the experimental period, half of the rats in each group were randomly assigned to receive a ligature on mandibular molar, whereas the other half of group was left unligated. At 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and the specimens were processed to obtain decalcified sections. The area of periodontal ligament and/or bone loss in the furcation region of the first molars was histometrically measured in five sections per specimen (mm²). Results: Ethanol intake did not have effect on the alveolar bone loss in unligated teeth (p>0.05). However, in ligature-induced periodontitis, high value of calories associated with ethanol feeding enhanced the area of bone loss (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that a low-ethanol diet did not affect the periodontium, while a high-ethanol diet may aggravate the progression of periodontitis, as demonstrated by the increased furcation region bone destruction in periodontal disease.
Highlights
Received for publication: July 25, 2014 Accepted: September 16, 2014Periodontitis involves the destruction of supporting structures of the teeth, including the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and gingival tissues[1]
Considering that more studies are necessary to test the hypothesis that alcohol consumption can aggravate destruction of the periodontium, the aim of this study was to evaluate histometrically the effect of low and high caloric values of ethanol consumption on alveolar bone loss associated with ligature-induced bone loss in female rats
Sixty adult female Wistar rats (4 months-old) weighing 270 g on average were randomized into five groups (12 rats/ group): Normal Control; Test A, composed of rats fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet with ethanol representing low caloric value; Control A, rats fed a pair-fed control diet; Test B, rats fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet with ethanol representing high caloric value; and Control B, rats fed a pair-fed control diet
Summary
Periodontitis involves the destruction of supporting structures of the teeth, including the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and gingival tissues[1]. Some individuals are more susceptible than others to progressive periodontitis[2]. A large variety of factors exist that influence disease progression, including social and behavioral factors, systemic factors, genetic factors, tooth factors and microbial composition of the dental biofilm. Excessive alcohol consumption is considered a behavioral factor that is associated with periodontal disease[3]. Investigations have suggested that alcohol consumption is associated with increased severity of periodontitis and may be a risk indicator for periodontal disease[4,5]. More recent studies on humans have shown no relation between periodontal disease and alcohol consumption[6,7]
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