Effects of Aerobic Capacity on Cognitive Functions During Hypoxia

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective We aimed to investigate the role of aerobic capacity on cognitive functions during hypoxic conditions. Background Possessing a mishap risk in aviation, acute hypobaric hypoxia has some negative effects on cognitive functions. Therefore, it is important to develop hypoxia tolerance to preserve the mental functions of pilots against possible hypoxic conditions during flight. Method A total of 25 pilot candidates were included in this study. The subjects were dichotomized into two groups as high-fit and low-fit according to aerobic capacities. Hypoxia was applied at an altitude equivalent pressure of 18,000 ft. Go/NoGo and Digit Span cognitive tests were applied in two phases before hypoxia training and during hypoxia. Results In the low-fit group, for the Go/NoGo test parameters, the mean R-Go reaction time increased significantly during hypoxia when compared to before hypoxia training. Additionally, in the low-fit group for the Digit Span test parameters, the memory span and the sum of correct answers both decreased significantly during hypoxia. In the high-fit group, there was no significant difference between the two test parameters during hypoxia. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that physical fitness has a positive effect on the deterioration of cognitive functions during hypoxia. It could be useful to suggest regular physical exercise habits for aircrews to increase their acute hypoxia tolerance in terms of cognitive function.