Effects of Acute Exercise on Fibrinolysis and Coagulation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Acute physical exertion may trigger an acute coronary syndrome. Furthermore, acute physical exercise may influence hemostatic markers in healthy individuals. However, the effect of acute exercise on blood fibrinolysis and coagulation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is still not well understood. Nineteen untrained patients with angiographically proven CAD (age, 58 +/- 9 years, 12 males), and 25 age- and sex-matched controls without CAD (age, 56 +/- 6 years, 16 males) underwent a treadmill exercise test. Global fibrinolytic capacity (GFC) and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F 1 + 2) levels were measured before exercise, at peak exercise, and 2 hours after recovery. There were no differences between the groups with respect to left ventricular ejection fraction, history of hypertension, body mass index, and serum lipids. Before exercise, GFC was significantly lower in patients with CAD when compared with controls (1.40 +/- 0.43 versus 3.28 +/- 1.19 microg/mL, respectively; P < 0.001). In patients with CAD, F 1 + 2 levels were significantly higher than those of controls (1.15 +/- 0.43 versus 0.79 +/- 0.10 nmol/L, respectively; P = 0.002). In both study groups, GFC levels increased significantly at peak exercise and decreased to baseline values 2 hours after recovery. At peak exercise, F 1 + 2 levels significantly increased in both study groups. However, while F 1 + 2 levels of controls decreased to baseline values 2 hours after recovery (0.79 +/- 0.10 versus 0.80 +/- 0.10 nmol/L; P > 0.05), F 1 + 2 levels of patients with CAD were still significantly elevated (1.15 +/- 0.43 versus 1.84 +/- 0.06 nmol/L; P = 0.002). Acute exercise increases coagulation and fibrinolysis both in untrained subjects with and without CAD. However, in patients with CAD, the equilibrium between fibrinolysis and coagulation during peak exercise is disturbed in favor of coagulation after recovery.