Effects of Acute Cold Stress After Long-Term Cold Stimulation on Antioxidant Status, Heat Shock Proteins, Inflammation and Immune Cytokines in Broiler Heart.

Haidong Wei,Runxiang Zhang,Yingying Su,Yanju Bi,Xin Zhang,Jun Bao,Jianhong Li,Xiang Li

doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01589

Haidong Wei, Runxiang Zhang + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01589

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Journal: Frontiers in physiology	Publication Date: Nov 13, 2018
Citations: 68	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Northeast Agricultural University

Abstract

To investigate the effects of acute cold stress (ACS) on chicken heart after cold stimulation, female broilers were raised in either normal (C) or gradually decreasing temperatures (CS I and CS II) for 34 days followed by a 24 h ACS at 7°C. Cardiac tissues were collected from the pre-ACS and ACS time points to analyze the histopathological changes, antioxidant status and the expression of heat shock proteins, inflammatory factors and immune-related cytokines. The CS II heart tissues showed shrunken cell membranes and nuclei, disordered or ruptured myocardial fibers, higher MDA content and upregulation in HSP27, HSP40, HSP70, NF-κB, COX-2, PTGEs, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-4 mRNAs, and in protein levels of HSP40, NF-κB and iNOS and reduction in CAT, GSH-px and SOD activity, as well as HSP90 and IFN-γ levels compared to the control tissues before ACS. In contrast, the HSPs were significantly increased, and the inflammatory and immune related factors were unaltered prior to the ACS in the CS I compared to the C group. Following ACS, MDA content was significantly increased and antioxidant activity was significantly decreased in the CS I and CS II groups compared to the C group. The levels of HSP27, HSP70, HSP90, inflammatory factors and IL-4 were significantly reduced and that of IFN-γ was significantly increased in CS I broiler hearts; the reverse trends were seen in CS II relative to CS I. Compared to the pre-ACS levels, that of HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, inflammatory factors and IL-4 were increased and IFN-γ was decreased in the C and CS II groups after ACS. Therefore, cold stimulation at drastically lower temperatures induced cardiac damage, which was further aggravated by ACS. In contrast, cold stimulation at only 3°C lower than normal temperature improved the adaptability of the broilers to ACS.

Highlights

In the present world, stress costs the poultry industry in increased mortality and morbidity and in productivity losses (Shini et al, 2010)
We found that the expression levels of most heat shock proteins (HSPs) were higher in the cold stimulation I (CS I) and cold stimulation II (CS II) groups compared to the C group after the 34-day cold stimulation, with highest levels of HSP27 and HSP40 in CS II, and that of HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 in the CS I group
We found that NF-κB, prostaglandin E synthases (PTGEs), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-2, and TNF-α mRNAs were significantly upregulated after the 34-day cold stimulation and after the 24 h acute cold stress (ACS) in the CS II, but there were no marked differences in CS I

Summary

Introduction

Stress costs the poultry industry in increased mortality and morbidity and in productivity losses (Shini et al, 2010). The stress of low temperature (cold stress, CS) to broiler chickens is very common in northern of China, and has caused decreased growth performance and increased production costs (Zhang et al, 2016). Stress is a defensive response which helps the body adapt to changes in the external environment (Zulkifli et al, 1995). Housing broilers at their early age in moderate decreased environmental temperature has been reported to have a long-lasting benefit to improve the ability to acclimatize better with stressors in their later life (Shahir et al, 2012). It is significant to production to gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms by which CS or cold stimulation affects chickens (Nguyen et al, 2015)

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