Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydrofluoric (HF) acid, acetic acid, and citric acid treatments on the physical properties and structure of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) at ambient temperature. In total, 110 bar-shaped zirconia specimens were randomly assigned to 11 groups. The specimens in the control group (C) received no surface treatment, while those in the Cage group were hydrothermally aged at 134°C and 0.2 MPa for 20 h. Ten specimens each were immersed at ambient temperature in 5% and 40% HF acid for 2 h (40HF0), 1 day (5HF1, 40HF1), and 5 days (5HF5, 40HF5), while 10 each were immersed at ambient temperature in 10% acetic acid and 20% citric acid for 7 (AC7, CI7) and 14 days (AC14, CI14). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to quantitatively estimate the monoclinic phase. Furthermore, flexural strength, surface roughness, and surface Vickers hardness were measured after treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the surface morphology. The Cage group specimens exhibited an increased monoclinic phase and flexural strength. Furthermore, 40% HF acid immersion decreased the flexural strength and surface hardness and deteriorated the surface finish, while 5% HF acid immersion only decreased the surface hardness. All the HF acid-immersed specimens showed an etched surface texture on SEM observations, while the other groups did not. These findings suggest that the treatment of Y-TZP with 40% HF acid at ambient temperature causes potential damage, while treatment with 5% HF acid, acetic acid, and citric acid is safe.
Highlights
Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) is a popular nonmetallic material used for dental restorations and implants because of its superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility
The Y-TZP specimens immersed in 10% acetic acid and 20% citric acid at ambient temperature did not exhibit any significant changes in flexural strength, surface Vickers hardness, and surface roughness
The present hydrothermal aging condition did not affect the surface Vickers hardness and surface morphology in an adverse manner after 20 h, it resulted in a slight increase in the flexural strength, which could have been caused by phase transformation toughening
Summary
Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) is a popular nonmetallic material used for dental restorations and implants because of its superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Prostheses fabricated from Y-TZP are supposed to be more clinically durable than those prepared from other all-ceramic systems.
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