Abstract
We investigated the effects of feeding sodium sulfite (SoS) treated uncontaminated and Fusarium contaminated maize in a porcine lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge model. Eighty piglets (7.59 ± 0.92 kg body weight [BW]) were equally assigned to one of four experimental diets containing 10% maize, either uncontaminated and untreated (CON−, 0.09 mg deoxynivalenol [DON]/kg diet) or uncontaminated and SoS-treated (CON+, wet-preserved with 5 g SoS/kg maize; 0.05 mg DON/kg diet), or prepared with 10% of a Fusarium contaminated maize containing mainly deoxynivalenol (DON), either contaminated and untreated (FUS−, 5.36 mg DON/kg diet), or contaminated and SoS-treated (FUS+, wet-preserved with 5 g SoS/kg maize; 0.83 mg DON/kg diet). At day 42 of experiment, ten pigs of each group were injected intraperitoneally with either 7.5 µg LPS/kg BW or placebo (0.9% NaCl). At 120 min after injection, blood samples were collected to analyse TNF-α, hematological profile, clinical biochemistry as well as the redox status. A significant increase in body temperature and cytokine TNF-α concentration was observed in the LPS-injected piglets. Results for hematology, clinical chemistry and redox status indicate no effects of SoS treatment, with exception of neutrophil counts being significantly more pronounced after feeding the SoS treated FUS maize. In conclusion, SoS treatment of maize did not modulate the LPS-induced acute inflammation.
Highlights
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is mainly produced by Fusarium species and commonly found in agricultural commodities and finished feed [1]
The sum of all symptoms was calculated over time and deemed as cumulative clinical score (CCS), whereby the highest achievable score of 88 represents the most severe clinical presentation
Wet preservation of Fusarium contaminated maize with sodium sulfite (SoS) was clearly shown to reduce the DON content of contaminated maize in vitro [4], while the in vivo efficiency of this procedure was tested in a feeding experiment with rearing piglets [12]
Summary
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is mainly produced by Fusarium species and commonly found in agricultural commodities and finished feed [1]. Pigs are the most sensitive species with respect to DON, with prominent reduction of feed intake resulting in reduced weight gain [1]. As Fusarium infection of cereal strongly depends on the climate conditions, especially on temperature and humidity, such mycotoxin contamination cannot be completely avoided. DON is rather stable under milling, processing and heating [2]. Decontamination strategies are needed in order to detoxify DON contaminated cereal grains before mixing into the diet [3]. Many methods of decontamination are applied, an effective method at farm level is still lacking.
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