Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium sulfite (SoS) treatment of maize and its impact on the porcine immune system in the presence of an LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Control maize (CON) and Fusarium-toxin contaminated maize (FUS) were wet-preserved (20% moisture) for 79 days with (+) or without (−) SoS and then included at 10% in a diet, resulting in four experimental groups: CON−, CON+, FUS−, and FUS+ with deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations of 0.09, 0.05, 5.36, and 0.83 mg DON/kg feed, respectively. After 42-day feeding trial (weaned barrows, n = 20/group), ten pigs per group were challenged intraperitoneally with either 7.5 μg LPS/kg BW or placebo (0.9% NaCl), observed for 2 h, and then sacrificed. Blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen were collected for phenotyping of different T cell subsets, B cells, and monocytes. Phagocytic activity and intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed in both polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using flow cytometry. Our results revealed that the impact of DON was more notable on CD3+CD4+CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissues rather than in blood T cells. In contrast, SoS treatment of maize altered leukocyte subpopulations in blood, e.g., reduced the percentage and fluorescence signal of CD8high T cells. Interestingly, SoS treatment reduced the amount of free radicals in basal ROS-producing PMNs only in LPS-challenged animals, suggesting a decrease in basal cellular ROS production (pSoS*LPS = 0.022).
Highlights
Deoxynivalenol (DON) belongs to the B-trichothecene mycotoxins produced from Fusarium species
T cells in peripheral blood and lymphatic tissues were characterized by their expression of the CD3 protein complex and further differentiated in four subsets according to the coexpression of CD4 and CD8 epitopes
Based on the cytotoxic effects of DON and sulfiting agents in general, and the reported interactive effects between sodium sulfite (SoS) treatment of maize and LPS-induced systemic inflammation on the leukocyte count subsets in particular (Tran et al 2018b), we hypothesized that DON and/or SoS treatment of maize would affect the immune traits with regard to the proportion of lymphocyte subsets as well as cellular function of granulocytes and monocytes
Summary
Deoxynivalenol (DON) belongs to the B-trichothecene mycotoxins produced from Fusarium species. DON is only negligibly degraded by feed processing and decontamination methods are required to inactivate DON before cereal grains are used for the production of complete feeds (Awad et al 2010). Easy-to-use inactivation procedures are required at farm level where cereals are directly used for feeding. The simple wet preservation of Fusariumtoxin contaminated cereal grains with sodium sulfite (Na2SO3, SoS) or sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5, SBS), using a defined moisture content and acidification with propionic acid, has shown to decrease DON concentration via the formation of sulfonated derivatives of DON, the socalled DON sulfonates (DONS) (Young et al 1987; Schwartz et al 2013; Schwartz-Zimmermann et al 2014; ). The SoSand SBS-induced decrease of DON concentration in cereal grains was reflected by a concomitant detection of low DON concentrations in blood and other physiological specimen (Dänicke et al 2005; Dänicke et al 2008; Paulick et al 2018; Tran et al 2018a) as well as an improved performance comparable with that observed in control groups fed noncontaminated diets (Paulick et al 2018)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
