Abstract
Simple SummaryIn geographic areas where it is not possible to finish beef cattle on pastures or preserved forages, diets are mainly based on cereals. This intensive feeding system competes for feed with other species and does not take advantage of the capacity of ruminants to digest fibrous feeds. Moreover, cereal-rich diets for ruminants cannot be considered sustainable under current policy guidelines and make no significant contribution to the circular bioeconomy. We assayed an alternative intensive finishing diet for beef heifers where agro-industrial by-products, some of them highly fibrous ones, comprised 73.5% of the concentrate. We found that there were no differences in growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits between treatments, which might be considered positive from the point of view of sustainability of beef production. We also found that instrumental measures of meat related to important sensory attributes for consumer acceptance can be improved by increasing ageing time from 7 to 21 or 28 days.Finishing diets in intensive beef production systems are mainly based on cereals, which does not take advantage of the capacity of the ruminant digestive system to digest fibrous feeds, cannot be considered sustainable and does not contribute to the circular bioeconomy. Our aim was to investigate the effects of an alternative concentrate rich in agro-industrial by-products for finishing crossbred Limousine heifers. Four pens with 12 heifers and four pens with 13 heifers were randomly allocated to one of two treatments: control (CON), a commercial concentrate with a 43.3% cereal composition, and alternative (ALT), a concentrate with a composition of 26% cereals and up to 73.5% agro-industrial by-products. Growth performance data were collected along the 91 days of the experimental period. Carcass characteristics were collected after slaughter and 24 h later. Vacuum-packaged samples from longissimus muscle were aged for 7, 21 or 28 days to study meat quality traits. Feed intake was higher and feed conversion rate was lower in the ALT treatment, but no differences were found in average daily gain and feeding costs. Treatment had no effects on any of the measured carcass traits (grading, hot and cold carcass weight, dressing out, chilling losses, subcutaneous fat depth, pH, temperature and lean and fat colour) nor on the meat quality traits (drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, oxidative stability, chromatic indices and pigment contents). Ageing time decreased drip loss and shear force, increased lightness and did not affect redness or surface colour stability. In conclusion, feeding crossbred Limousine heifers a finishing diet rich in agro-industrial by-products did not have any negative effects on performance, carcass and meat quality traits, which might be considered positive from the point of view of sustainability of beef production. Under the conditions assayed, ageing for 21 and 28 days improved tenderness of meat, without detrimental effects on oxidative stability or traits related to visual acceptability.
Highlights
The European Union is the world’s third largest producer of beef, but there are great differences in productivity and incomes of beef producers across regions due to diversity of climates, forage availability, breeds and livestock farming practices [1]
Our aim was to investigate the effects of the concentrate composition on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits
191.88 €/t, calculated using local market prices of feedstuffs in the year 2017), but no differences were observed in the feeding cost per heifer in the 91-day period or in the cost per kg of body weight gain, since the higher FI in the ALT treatment fully compensated for the lower price of its concentrate, at nearly the same ADG in both treatments
Summary
The European Union is the world’s third largest producer of beef, but there are great differences in productivity and incomes of beef producers across regions due to diversity of climates, forage availability, breeds and livestock farming practices [1]. After weaning at 5–8 months, calves are reared under intensive feedlot conditions where they are finished with ad libitum feeding of concentrates, mainly based on cereals, and limited consumption of cereal straw as a roughage source. These type of finishing diets may increase farm production costs, compete for feed with swine and poultry and do not take advantage of the capacity of ruminants to digest fibrous feeds [2]. Such intensive feeding systems can not be considered as sustainable under current policy guidelines, nor do they make any significant contribution to the circular bioeconomy [3,4].
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