Abstract
The use of standard antiplatelet therapy for cardiovascular disease patients has many side effects. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Propolis and Bee Pollen, two bee products, as antiplatelet and in comparison with Aspirin. This is an experimental study with posttest only control group design. The samples were 32 mice, divided into 4 groups: placebo, administration of aspirin (10.4 mg/kg-bw/day), Propolis (65 mg/kg-bw/day), and Bee Pollen (68 mg/kg-bw/day). The study was conducted for 12 days and the suspensions were given orally. The bleeding time was then measured using tail-bleeding technique. The data collected was bleeding time in seconds. All samples completed the study. The mean bleeding time for placebo, Aspirin, Propolis and Bee Pollen groups were 106.1, 442.9, 310.1, and 203 in seconds respectively. ANOVA and Bonferroni tests showed a significant difference between Propolis and placebo groups (p=0.003), no difference between Propolis and Aspirin groups (p=0.100), no difference between Bee Pollen and placebo groups (p=0.442), and a significant difference between Bee Pollen and Aspirin groups (p=0.000). Administration of Propolis in mice showed prolongation of bleeding time while Bee Pollen did not prove to have antiplatelet effects.
Highlights
Hemostasis is the sequence of events of the body's response to stop a bleeding
In the group with aspirin for 12 days before treatment, the mean time of bleeding was 442.9 ± 171.9 seconds and was the highest rate compared to the other three groups. These results are in line with research conducted by Doutremepuich, et al [9], where the mean time of bleeding in mice with aspirin experienced statistically significant lengthening, ie 363.3 ± 93.3 seconds. This elongation is caused by the mechanism of action of Aspirin, which causes irreversible COX1 inhibition, which further leads to a decrease in the production of thromboxan A2 (TXA2) in platelets
It turned out that giving Bee Pollen may have an effect of prolonged bleeding time in mice because there was no significant difference in the mean time of bleeding in both groups
Summary
Hemostasis is the sequence of events of the body's response to stop a bleeding. When blood vessels are damaged or ruptured, the hemostasis response must be immediate, localized to the damaged area, and carefully controlled for the response to be effective. There are three main mechanisms in the hemostasis process: vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting If these three mechanisms work perfectly, hemostasis can stop the bleeding that occurs [1]. Hemostasis in general plays an important role in helping to maintain the condition of body fluid homeostasis, especially to prevent the occurrence of large amounts of blood loss in the event of damage or rupture of the blood vessels. If it occurs abnormally, the process of hemostasis, especially the mechanism of blood clotting (blood clotting) can cause a fatal disorder. This will be fatal if the inhibited flow is the blood vessel leading to vital organs [1]
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