Effectiveness of Snedds (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) Etil Acetate Fraction of Kadara Fruit (Caesalpinia bonduc) Seed Extract on Bacteria Diabetic Gangreen

Abstract

High glucose level conditions cause many fatal complications, such as the increased risk of developing gangrene. The incidences of amputation worldwide have happened of 25% and 14.3% mortality after amputation. Patients with diabetic gangrene are often treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic. However, nowadays antibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging problems to cure the infection in diabetic gangrene. Scientists are looking for natural compounds to develop new medication as an alternative antibacterial. Kadara (Caesalpinia bonduc) is a plant from Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara. Flavonoids, the primary constituent of Caesalpinia bonduc seeds, are responsible for broad-spectrum antibacterial action. Flavonoids are poorly soluble in water, so as the solution for increasing the stability of flavonoids, it needs development of dosage form in the self-nanoemulsion drug delivery system (SNEDDS). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Snedds ethyl acetate fraction of the extract of the seeds of the fruit (Caesalpinia bonduc) against diabetic gangrene bacteria. This research begins with maceration to obtain a thick extract followed by fractionation, then make the SNEDDS formula using the trial-error method. Characterization is carried out, and the antibacterial activity test is carried out. The results showed that the SNEDDS formula that met the criteria was obtained from a comparison of tween 80 and PEG 400 (7:2) with an emulsification time of 29.67±0.58 seconds, a transparent emulsion formation medium, and a particle size of 16.8nm. The results of the bacterial inhibition test showed that the SNEEDS formula was not significantly different from the tetracycline positive control (*p>0.05), with the inhibitory diameter values of 15.67±2.31mm and 15.67±1.15mm.