Abstract
In the present experimental study, biodiesel is made by reactive extraction (in-situ method) of castor seed. The hybrid (MW + US) apparatus was used to intensify in-situ process. Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst and methanol as a reagent are used for the transesterification process. Response surface methodology has been applied to design the experiments. A central composite design (CCD) was adopted to examine the influence of various process parameters (MeOH:seeds ratio (v/w), catalyst loading, reaction temperature and, time) on the biodiesel yield. The optimum conditions for maximum biodiesel yield (93.2%) obtained for castor seed, are 7.47 methanol to oil ratio (v/w), 1.7% KOH catalyst loading, 317 K reaction temperature, and 1788 s reaction time. The regression equation obtained for the model having a coefficient of correlation (R2), and adjusted coefficient of correlation (R2 adj) are 0.974 and 0.951 respectively shows the goodness of fit for the model.
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