Abstract
ABSTRACT The care and services offered in the treatment of active military personnel and veterans with PTSD take a variety of forms, ranging from residential to outpatient treatment programs. The differences in the organization of care between these programs make comparisons difficult; however, an intermediate alternative exists in the form of intensive outpatient programs (IOPs), whose organization and range of care are closer to that offered in residential programs. This review compares and evaluates the effectiveness of residential programs to that of IOPs in the treatment of PTSD in active military personnel and veterans. Nine databases were searched from September/November 2022 to include primary studies evaluating the treatment of PTSD in active military personnel and veterans in residential programs and IOPs. Results were summarized in a narrative synthesis. A meta-analysis using a random effects model examined changes in standardized mean differences in PTSD symptom scores at baseline and discharge. Thirty-two studies in 41 publications were included. There was a notable decrease in PTSD symptom scores at the end of treatment in both programs, and no significant difference was found between them. However, IOPs effectiveness may be influenced by patient type (active military personnel or veterans). Regardless, our results suggest a positive effect of both types of programs on reducing PTSD symptoms. It is essential to be aware of the constraints inherent in the literature on the subject, including the lack of comparative studies, the potential impact of comorbidities, and the differential response of active military personnel and veterans to similar treatments.
Published Version
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