Effectiveness of okra fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus) extract against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) as a bacterium that causes aggressive periodontitis

Abstract

Aim: To determine that okra fruit extracts are effective in inhibiting growth and killing the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) bacteria that cause aggressive periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Aa ATCC 4371 strain Y3 serotype b bacteria obtained from the Stock Research Center of the Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Jawa Timur, Indonesia, were bred on the Mueller Hinton media with the inclusion criteria that identification of bacteria from the stock shows that the bacterium is Aa, and the growth of bacteria in the Mueller Hinton media is with a number of colonies between 30–300 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. Culture media containing Aa bacteria were incubated for 1 × 24 h at 37°C, after it was diluted according to McFarland standard 0.5 (1.5 × 108 CFU/ mL). Fresh okra fruit derived from Materia Medica was prepared for extract. Serial dilution or dilution methods of 1:2 (wt/vol) are used for the detection of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: One‑way analysis of variance test showed a difference with significance (P = 0.000), whereas, Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test showed a significant difference between okra fruit extract group with positive control concentrations of 100%, 3.125%, and 1.565%. Conclusion: The okra fruit extract effectively kills the Aa bacteria that causes aggressive periodontitis, as indicated by MIC at a concentration of 3.125% and MBC at a concentration of 6.25%