Abstract
Setting: Government Medical College, Nagpur, India, a tertiary care hospital. Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of mass neonatal BCG vaccination in the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nagpur, India. Design: A hospital-based pair-matched case-control study with a case: control ratio of 1:3, including 144 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 432 controls. Results: The overall vaccine effectiveness estimated in the present study was 60% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 43%–72%). The protective effect was more in males in the age group 21–30 years. The prevented fraction was 39% (95% CI 24%–52%). Conclusion: The moderate effectiveness demonstrated in this study needs to be substantiated for other forms of tuberculosis by undertaking community-based case-control studies, before attempting to justify the use of mass neonatal BCG vaccination strategy as a part of the national programme.
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