Effectiveness of Health Belief Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior for Tobacco Cessation among Smokers in Chengalpattu Population: An Interventional Study

Abstract

Abstract Background: Tobacco use is associated with accelerated morbidity and mortality among a wide range of populations. To find better intervention practices for tobacco users, this study was contemplated to find the effectiveness of the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of reasoned action and planned behavior (TRA-PB) in the cessation and alteration of behavior change in tobacco consumers at an individual level who are residing in the district of Chengalpattu, India. Methodology: An interventional study was conducted among 40 participants based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. These 40 participants were sorted into two groups, namely, Group A (20 members) and Group B (20 members), by simple randomization. Before the intervention, baseline scores of nicotine dependence and stages of change were assessed by the Fagerstrom Scale for Nicotine Dependence and stages of change model by questionnaires. Group A was intervened with the HBM model and Group B with the TRA-PB model. After 45 days, the post assessment of patients was done using the same methods. Data analysis and pre and post comparison between groups were assessed using paired and unpaired t tests. Results: Results showed that health education based on the HBM was effective in enhancing the knowledge and attitude of all the subjects, regardless of their sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusion: HBM and TRA-PB-based trainings were found to have positive effects on progression between the stages and smoking cessation. A model-based health education approach directed at a specific group may modify that population’s attitudes toward tobacco use.