Abstract
Pathological mandibular fracture after dental extraction usually occurs in dogs with moderate to severe periodontitis. A nanohydroxyapatite-based hydrogel (HAP hydrogel) was developed to diminish the limitations of hydroxyapatite for post-extraction socket preservation (PSP). However, the effect of the HAP hydrogel in dogs has still not been widely investigated. Moreover, there are few studies on PSP in dogs suffering from clinical periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the HAP hydrogel for PSP in dogs with periodontitis. In five dogs with periodontitis, the first molar (309 and 409) of each hemimandible was extracted. Consequently, all the ten sockets were filled with HAP-hydrogel. Intraoral radiography was performed on the day of operation and 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post operation. The Kruskal–Wallis test and paired t-test were adopted for alveolar bone regeneration analysis. The results demonstrated that the radiographic grading, bone height measurement, and bone regeneration analysis were positively significant at all follow-up times compared to the day of operation. Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy imaging after immersion showed a homogeneous distribution of apatite formation on the hydrogel surface. Our investigation suggested that the HAP hydrogel effectively enhances socket regeneration in dogs with periodontitis and can be applied as a bone substitute for PSP in veterinary dentistry.
Highlights
IntroductionPeriodontal disease (PD) is one of the health problems suffered by senile dogs [1]
Today, owners’ knowledge of animal care can promote the longevity of dogs
Radiographic findings, bone height measurement, and bone regeneration analysis all contributed to the conclusion that the HAP hydrogel was effective for post-extraction socket preservation in dogs with periodontitis
Summary
Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the health problems suffered by senile dogs [1]. This problem can occur in dogs over three years of age, with the disease having a reported prevalence of more than 80% and usually arising in small-breed dogs [2,3]. The American Veterinary Dental College classifies periodontitis into four stages according to the degree of alveolar bone destruction. It is suggested that in moderate (stage 3) and advanced periodontitis (stage 4) cases, where there is alveolar bone loss of more than 50%, dental extraction should be performed. The strength of the postextraction socket is diminished due to severe vertical and horizontal alveolar bone loss [5]
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