Effects of Autologous Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Post-Extraction Alveolar Sockets: A Randomized, Controlled Split-Mouth Trial in Dogs with Spontaneous Periodontal Disease.

Adolfo Maria Tambella,Cecilia Vullo,Giuseppe Catone,Annastella Falcone,Giacomo Rossi,Livio Galosi,Francesca Bartocetti

doi:10.3390/ani10081343

Abstract

Simple SummaryThe effects of autologous platelet-rich fibrin were evaluated in dogs with spontaneous periodontal disease after tooth extraction. Both radiographic and histological findings attributed to the platelet-rich fibrin a potential ability to stimulate the natural process of tissue healing and regeneration of bone and soft tissues. Platelet-rich fibrin could, therefore, be considered as a simple and effective therapeutic aid in the management of post-extraction socket healing in dogs. Periodontal disease (PD) is a common inflammatory condition in dogs; in severe stages, dental extraction is frequently required. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been used in human oral surgical procedures and has been experimentally tested on post-extraction sockets in healthy dogs. This is the first split-mouth, randomized, controlled trial designed to compare post-extractive alveolar socket healing with and without topical application of PRF in canine spontaneous PD. Clinical evaluation, radiographic density, and histological scores for inflammation and regeneration were assessed at recruitment (T0) and after a three-week follow up (T1) on 12 dogs, for a total of 31 pairs of sockets. No complications or clinically evident differences between the treated sites and the control sites were observed. Comparing the radiographic densities of the extraction sites measured at T0 and T1, a significant enhancement was observed within the PRF group, but not within control group. The histological score decreased significantly from T0 to T1 within group PRF, but not within the control group; at T1, the PRF group showed a significantly lower histological score than the control group. These findings suggest that PRF could be able to stimulate the natural process of tissue healing and regeneration of post-extraction sites in dogs with spontaneous periodontal disease (PD).

Highlights

Periodontal disease (PD) refers to a group of plaque-induced inflammatory diseases that damage the tissues that hold the tooth, known as the periodontium [1].Animals 2020, 10, 1343; doi:10.3390/ani10081343 www.mdpi.com/journal/animalsOral diseases are the most common pathology found during clinical examinations in dogs of all age ranges, and among these PD is the most frequently diagnosed
Each side represented the clustered experimental unit randomly allocated to the treatment group or represented the clustered experimental unit randomly allocated to the treatment group
Computed tomography could have been more accurate in detecting subtle differences in bone radiopacity, this study showed that the presence of the Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) induced an increase of the radiographically detectable density of the extraction sites; it could be assumed that when used in dental extraction surgery, PRF may positively influence the bone regeneration of the treated sites, as reported by other studies [15,19,20,44]

Summary

Introduction

Oral diseases are the most common pathology found during clinical examinations in dogs of all age ranges, and among these PD is the most frequently diagnosed. By just 2 years of age, 80% of dogs have some form of periodontal disease [2]. A 5-stage method based on a combination of oral examination and radiographic findings has been accepted by The American Veterinary Dental College (AVDC) and is most commonly used in clinical veterinary settings. In this model, Stage 0 represents healthy periodontal tissues and Stage I represents the reversible stage of gingivitis, where gums are inflamed but no bone loss has occurred [3]. Periodontal bone loss is irreversible without regenerative therapy [2]

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