Abstract
SummaryTo estimate the effective size (Ne) of populations with unequal sex ratio, a well‐known formula, Ne=4NmNf/(Nm + Nf), has been frequently used, where Nm and Nf are the numbers of male and female parents, respectively. In this paper, the formula was examined under typical mating systems in animals. It was shown that the formula holds only when there are no variations in the numbers of mates (mating success) of parents of each sex. More appropriate equations were developed by accounting for the variation in mating success. It was found that for animal populations with harem mating system, an equation Ne=4NmNf/(2Nm+Nf) gives a more accurate estimate than the well‐known formula. The effective population sizes of several wild, experimental and domestic animals are estimated by applying the derived equations to the published demographic and ecological data.
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