Abstract
Review Objectives: The objective of this review is to critically analyse the literature and present the best available evidence related to procedural pain management in children with cancer; to discover what is the most effective method to manage pain; and improve the quality of life whilst undergoing cancer treatment. Review Question: 1. What are the available interventions that are used to manage procedural pain in children with cancer? 2. How effective are these interventions in managing procedural pain? Criteria for considering studies for this review: Types of studies: This review will consider any randomised control trials (RCTs) related to procedural pain in children with cancer. In the absence of, or limited RCTs, other research designs, such as nonrandomised trials, before and after studies, cohort studies, case control studies and observational studies without control group will be considered for inclusion. Types of participants: This systematic review will include all children with cancer from 1 to 18 years old who have undergone procedural pain. Types of interventions: There is no single intervention of interest. This review will consider all types of studies on the management of procedural pain in children with cancer. This includes both pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions. Some examples of pharmacological interventions include analgesics, sedative, hypnotic drugs, etc. Nonpharmacological interventions would include music therapy, distraction, massage/ touch therapy, etc. This would include all interventions administered by various healthcare personnel such as doctors, nurses, physiotherapist, play therapist, etc. Interventions that requires the assistance and cooperation of the family and main caregivers will also be considered. Types of outcome measures: The effectiveness of the intervention in managing procedural pain during the specific procedure. The primary outcome will include a reduction in pain. This will be measured by three types of pain measurements which are: • Self‐report measures (Pain Assessment Ruler, Wong‐Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, etc) • Behavioural measures (FLACC Scale, etc) • Physiological/Biological measures (elevation in vital signs, Cardiac Analgesic Assessment Scale (CAAS))
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