Effective Nano carriers used as a Targeted drug delivery in Mycosis: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Candida infections, particularly C. albicans, infect the skin, nails, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tracts. Cutaneous and mucosal manifestations can be divided into clinical syndromes. The incidence of superficial and systemic fungal infections has increased due to severe diseases and immunosuppressant therapies. Obesity and diabetes mellitus are leading predisposing factors for cutaneous candidiasis. Cutaneous mycoses are a severe skin and underlying skin disease endemic in tropical countries, causingsevere medical and socioeconomic impacts on patients, communities, and health services. Fungal infections have surged in recent years, especially in humid and industrialized regions, with severity ranging from mild to life-threatening systemic infections. Certain drugs, such as polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins, are approved for treating infections, but some fungi have developed resistance to these drugs. Large-scale studies on novel targeting strategies and formulations are being conducted to counter drug resistance, gaining momentum in recent times. Conventional formulations have limitations like high doses, frequent dosing, and various side effects. The emergence of nanotechnology and its applications has been facilitated by overcoming these limiting factors. Formulation scientists can now encapsulate potential drug moieties into nanocarriers, allowing for prolonged release and improved permeation in gels or creams, for targeted effect. This review explores new targeting strategies and the use of nanocarriers for topically administered for the treatment of fungal infections like mycosis, skin allergy etc. This approach provides new opportunities for continuous and sustained research in pharmaceuticals, resulting in more effective outcomes.