Effective electrochemical detection of riboflavin and butylated hydroxy anisole based on azure A and nickel hexacyanoferrate framework on graphite electrode

Abstract

A highly stable and layered combination of Azure A (AZA) and Nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) grafted on graphite electrode was used as selective sensor for the determination of Riboflavin and Butylated hydroxy anisole. The surface of modified electrode was analysed and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, EDS and Confocal Raman spectroscopy studies. Cyclic voltammetry analysis exhibited redox peaks for NiHCF in NaNO3 solution (0.1 M) and AZA in PBS solution (0.1 M) with formal potential as 0.32 V and -0.39 V at a scan rate 50 mV/s. The AZA/NiHCF modified electrode exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic performance for BHA oxidation by the NiHCF system and reduction of RF by AZA system with the detection limit as 2.22 × 10−6 M and 1.45 × 10−6 M respectively. The sensitivity was calculated as 0.1234 µA/µM for BHA and as 0.1352 µA/µM for RF. Finally, the proposed sensor was applied to estimate BHA in biscuit and RF in pharmaceutical samples successfully.